Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer made from monomer styrene. It is a rigid, transparent, and lightweight plastic that is commonly used in packaging materials, insulation, disposable cups and containers, and toys. Polystyrene can be produced in two forms: solid (commonly used for packaging) and foam (used for insulation and cushioning).Polystyrene is an inexpensive material that is easy to manufacture and mold into different shapes. It has good insulation properties, making it an ideal material ادامه مطلب

Epoxy resin is an adaptable and useful material that has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is a type of synthetic polymer that is created by mixing two different components together, an epoxy resin and a hardener.There are several types of epoxy resins with unique features and applications, including: Epoxy resins have several various applications, including using as adhesives because of their strong bonding capabilities. The aerospace, automotive, construction, and electroادامه مطلب

Bitumen is a dark brown or black, non-crystalline and highly viscous substance with adhesive and waterproof properties. It is soluble in organic solutions such as toluene and carbon disulfide. This substance is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, which typically contain around 80% carbon and 15% hydrogen. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other compounds that gives it unique physical and chemical properties.It is a highly strong and resilient adhesive substance, capable of binding an exteادامه مطلب

Epoxy adhesive is considered one of the most significant adhesives in history, since the begiing of adhesive use. Epoxy adhesives are composed of epoxy resin, which exhibits various properties and characteristics depending on the resin grade and fillers added, such as metals and ceramics. These adhesives have been utilized in the industry for over half a century, offering excellent chemical and physical properties. Typically, they are produced in two components: resin and hardener.Epoxy adhesiادامه مطلب

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a highly caustic and corrosive compound that is commonly known as caustic soda or lye. The name “caustic soda” comes from its ability to corrode or bu organic materials upon contact due to its strong alkaline properties. NaOH is a type of sodium hydrate, meaning that it contains water molecules within its crystal structure.In its pure form, caustic soda appears as a waxy, white solid that readily absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves in water to form an aqueousادامه مطلب

In this article, we will discuss the nature of Linear Alkyl Benzene, and its specific features. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of Linear Alkyl Benzene, their unique characteristics, and applications. Moreover, it provides a brief explanation about Iran’s LAB production.Linear alkyl benzene (LAB) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that emits a strong, characteristic odor. It is composed of a complex mixture of predominantly linear and monoادامه مطلب

In this article, we will discuss the nature of Heavy Alkylate Benzene, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Furthermore, it provides an explanation about Iran’s HAB production.Heavy alkylate benzene is a type of benzene that is manufactured through the alkylation of benzene with high molecular weight olefins. This process yields a product with a significant degree of branchiادامه مطلب

In this article, we will discuss the nature of sodium carbonate, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Moreover, it provides an explanation about Iran’s sodium carbonate production, and its privileges.Sodium carbonate, also known as soda ash, is a water-soluble white solid compound with the chemical formula Na2CO3. It is an odorless basic salt that has various applications acادامه مطلب

In this article, we will discuss the nature of Calcium Chloride, and its characteristics. It is also intended to provide the readers with efficient information on various types of it, their unique features, and applications. Moreover, it provides an explanation about Iran’s Calcium Chloride production, and its privileges.Calcium Chloride, denoted by the chemical formula CaCl2, is a salt that is widely used across various industries due to its high solubility in water and versatile properties. Thادامه مطلب

یکی از مواردی که در ساخت یا بازسازی ساختمان باید به آن توجه ویژه نماییم سفارش کاشی و سرامیک با بهترین نوع کیفیت می باشد. بنابراین یکی از سوالاتی که در ذهن سازندگان یا تهیهاران مطرح می شود این است که بهترین کاشی و سرامیک در ایران کدام برند یا کارخانه می باشد؟ما در این مقاله در ابتدا به تعریف کاشی و سرامیک و انواع پخت و لعاب آن خواهیم پرداخت و سپس چند برند از بهترین برندهای ایران را به شما معرفی خواهیم نمود. تا انتها با ما همراه باشید تا اگر می خواهید برای ساختمان یا پروژه ی خود کاشی و سرامیک تهیهادامه مطلب

2-Ethylhexanol is a flammable liquid, which in contact with a strong oxidizer may cause a fire. The appearance of this compound is a clear, colorless liquid from the alcohol family, which is almost insoluble in water but dissolves well in most aqueous solvents.It is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol, which is widely used in many applications such as solvents, flavorings, and aromatics, and especially as a precursor in the production of other chemicals such as emollients. This substance is insoluble in water and has a lower density than water. Although isooctanol (and the derivative isoxyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC nomenclature conventions dictate that this name properly refers to another isomer of octanol, 6-methyl heptane- 1- Apply first.Table of technical specifications of 2-EthylhexanolProduct Name2-EthylhexanolThe chemical formula of 2-EthylhexanolC8H18OAppearanceClear colorless liquidMolar mass130.23g/molClassificationAlcoholsDensity833 kg/m³Boiling point184.7 °CMelting point-76 °C2-Ethylhexanol production method2-Ethylhexanol is industrially produced by condensation of aldol n-butyraldehyde followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way every year.Click on the link below to read more:2-Ethylhexanol ادامه مطلب

Paraffin Wax (Petroleum Wax) is a soft colorless solid substance derived from petroleum, coal or shale oil, which consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules between twenty and forty carbon atoms.In fact, paraffin found in solid form is called paraffin wax, petroleum wax or solid paraffin. This substance is a white or colorless soft wax, which is extracted from oil, coal or oil rocks and is composed of saturated hydrocarbon molecules between twenty and forty carbon atoms.It is solid at room temperature and starts to melt above 37°C (99°F). Its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). Solid paraffin is colorless, tasteless and odorless. Paraffin has a low melting point. The color of paraffin wax varies depending on the amount of oil and its transparency. Paraffin wax was first produced by Karl Reichenbach in Germany in 1830.This material is also called paraffin candle. Paraffin candles are odorless, white, and bluish. Paraffin wax is mostly in the form of a white, odorless, and tasteless waxy solid substance that has a normal melting point between 46 and 68 degrees Celsius and a density of about 900 kg/m3. The freezing point of solid paraffin is in the temperature range between 50 and 55 degrees Celsius. In fact, for this reason, most of this substance exists in solid form. Solid paraffin does not dissolve in water. But it is soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Solid paraffin is not affected by most common chemicals but bus easily. Its heat of combustion is 42 Mادامه مطلب

The world’s most widely used solid nitrogen fertilizer is urea CO(NH2)2. Animal urine also contains urea, which is commonly found in nature. This material is efficient for transferring to farms and applying to fields because of its high N content.The method of production of UreaIn order to produce urea fertilizer, ammonia gas (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are combined at elevated temperatures and pressures. By using specialized granulation equipment, molten urea is formed into spheres or hardened into a solid prill by falling from a tower. Biuret can be harmful when sprayed on plant foliage when two urea molecules combine during urea production. Due to carefully controlled conditions during manufacturing, most commercial urea fertilizers contain only low levels of biuret. In some cases, though, the chemical with lower biuret content can be used for special purposes. NH3 is the main input for urea production, so the material manufacturing plants are generally located near NH3 production facilities. There are several methods for transporting this material around the world, including ocean vessels, barges, rails, and trucks.The application of Urea in different industries1. AgricultureIt is estimated that more than 90 percent of global urea production is destined for use as a nitrogen-releasing fertilizer. The nitrogen content of urea is the highest among all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use (46.7%). As a result, it is the nitrogen nutrient with the lowest transportatادامه مطلب